Model Test Paper-2 Social Science (Solved) S.A. II

TIME : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 90

Instructions

Q. No. 1 to 10 are MCQs ( 1mark for each question)

Q. No. 11 to 23 are short answer questions write in 60-80 words ( 3 marks for each question)

Q. No. 24 to 30 are long are questions write in 100-125 words ( 5 marks for each question)

Q. No. 31-1 and 31-2 are map questions. Please attach the map inside the answer book

Q.1 When was the first written ‘Laws of Cricket’ drawn?

(a) 1774 (b) 1775 (c)1776 (d)1780

Radical changes in women clothing were enabled by:

(a) New times (b)Women’s movement (c)World war (d)Industrial revolution

Q2 When did Gandhiji adopt the short dhoti ,a form of dress and wore until his death ?

Q3 Why do trees grow faster in summer?

(a)Due to high temperature (b)Due to longer duration of sunlight

(c)Due to low temperature (d)None of these

Q4 How many types of plants species are found in India?

(a) About45,000 (b)About 40,000 (c)About47,000 (d)20,000

Q5 How many seats are reserved for the S.C.& S.T. in the Lok Sabha ?

(a) 49, 79 (b)50, 80 (c)79, 49 (d)49, 50

Q6 How many Fundamental Rights are guaranteed to the citizens by our Constitution ?

(a) 4 (b)5 (c)7 (d)6

Q7 What is PIL?

(a)Public Interest Litigation (b) Public Information Litigation

Q8 What is average poverty ratio in India ?

(a) 25% (b)28% (c)27% (d)26%

Q9 What are two components of food security system ?

(a) Buffer stock, FCI (b)PDS ,FCI (c)Buffer stock, PDS (d)Buffer stock, Issue Prise

Q10 When was AAY launched ?

Answer (MCQ): 1. (a) or (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10.(d)

Q11- What is meant by the term deforestation? How are forests useful to us? (3)

Ans:-The disappearance of forest area to full fill the demand of developing civilisations is known as deforestation. During the period of Colonialism, deforestation took a systematic approach towards industrial development.
Forests provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass, charcoal, packaging, fruits, flowers, animals, birds, the tannin used to convert skins and hides into leather, the herbs and roots used for medicinal purposes, gum, honey, coffee, tea, rubber, oil and many other things. OR

Why did the colonial government want to convert grazing lands into cultivable farms?

Ans:-Land revenue was the main source of finance of the colonial government. By expanding cultivation it could increase its revenue collection. It would get more jute, cotton, wheat and other agricultural produce that was required in England. Uncultivated land appeared unproductive to the colonial officials as it produced neither revenue nor agricultural produce. It was seen as ‘waste land’ that needed to be brought under cultivation.

Why did the whole region of the Great Plains become a dust bowl?

Ans :-The Great Agrarian Depression started in 1930s which ruined the wheat farmers all around. The acts of these zealous farmers who, to expand the wheat cultivation, recklessly uprooted all vegetation. They turned the soil coverinto dust by using tractors. Their overzealous acts turned the whole regions of the Great Plains into dust bowl.

Q12-The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton.’ What does this mean? (3)

Ans:-This statement actually implies that Britain’s military success was based on the values taught to schoolboys in Britain’s best public school, the Eton.

1) Men like Thomas Arnold, headmaster of the famous Rugby School and founder of the modern public school system in the 19^th century, saw team sports like cricket and Rugby as an organised way of teaching

2) English boys learnt discipline, the importance of hierarchy, the skills, the codes of honour and the leadership qualities that helped them build and run the British empire.

3) Victorian empire builders justified the conquest of other countries as an act of unselfish social service, by which backward people were introduced to the civilising influence of British law and Western knowledge

How did the British use their political control to improve their textile industry?

Ans:-Political control helped the British to introduce cheap and fine mill made clothes in Indian market. Indian peasants could be forced to grow crops such as indigo. The coarser Indian clothes were easily made out of the market. As a result many weavers and spinners were rendered without work and important textile weaving centres such as Surat, Machilipatnam and Murshidabad declined.

Q13-What are the six controlling elements of the climate of India? (3)

Ans:-India’s climate is controlled by

1 . Latitude2. Altitude3. Pressureandwinds4. Distancefrom the sea5. Ocean currents6. Physiography

Q14-Give three characteristics of monsoonal rainfall in India. (3)

Ans:-Characteristics of monsoon rainfall are :-
i) Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives heavy rainfall i.e. more than 250 cm.
ii) The rain shadow areas of Deccan Plateaue and parts of Madhya Pradeshreceive scanty rainfall. The maximum rainfall is recorded in the north eastern part of the country.
iii)The frequency and intensity of tropical depressions determine the amount and duration of monsoon rains.

Q15-Why are forests important in our life? Write any six points. (3)

        Ans:-Forests play a vital role in the life of human beings by:
       (i)Modifying local climate.                                                                (ii)Controlling soil erosion.
       (iii)Supporting a variety of industries.                                             (iv)Providing livelihood for many communities.
      (v)Controlling wind and temperature and cause rainfall.           (vi)Providing humus to the soil and shelter to the wild life.
Q16-What are the three special features of human resources of India?                                                                             (3)

Ans:-Three special features of human resources of Indiaare:
(i)The human resource of Indiais very large. (ii)Its distribution is quite uneven. (iii) It has been increasing very rapidly.

Q17- What are the advantages of EVM? (3)

Ans:-Some of the advantages of Electronic Voting Machineare as follows:-

a. Used for voting b. Being fast and absolutely reliable c. Saves considerable time, money and manpower.

d. Helps in maintaining total voting secrecy without the use of ballot papers.
Q18-Write any three functions of the Election Commission of India? (3)

Ans:-The three functions of the Election Commission of India are as follows:

• The Election Commission prepares, maintains and periodically updates the Electoral Roll, which shows that the person is entitled to vote.

•Organises the polling booths where voting takes place.

• Looks after the counting of votes and the declaration of results.

Q19-What is the Parliamentary system of Government? (3)

Ans:-It is the government where the executive head of government is known as Prime Minister.She/he is the leader of the majority party in Legislature.Prime Minster and his Council of Ministersare answerable to the legislature. The head of the state may be the Monarch or the President.The President or the Monarch is ceremonial executive. The President has to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The Ministers are both responsible and responsive. For example:- India, U.K.,Canada and Italy.

Q20-If you were the Prime Minister of India, what steps would you like to take to reduce poverty in India? (3)

Ans:-If I were the Prime Minister of India, I would have emphasis on the following points to reduce poverty in India:-
(i) Free education for all children (ii) Empowerment of women

(iii) Empowerment of weaker sections of the society (iv) Population control

(v) Proper implementation of anti-poverty programmes initiated by the government.

Q21-Why poverty remains a challenge inspite of the anti-poverty programmes initiated by the government of India? (3)

Ans:-Poverty remains a challenge in spite of the anti-poverty programmes initiated by the government of India because:

      (i)Corruption in government administration
      (ii) Neglect of the target group i.e, the pooare not considered during the formulation ofpolicies
      (iii) The benefit of these schemes does not fully reach the targeted groups.
      (iv) The shortage of resources (money) and lack of proper implementation of programmes

Q22-Why do we need food security? (3)

Ans:-Food is the basic need of life and an important source of nutrition. Only healthypersons constitute human resources for development. Under-fed and ill-nourished persons cannot perform this role. Larger the number of under-fed and ill-nourished persons, greater is the burden that the country has to carry. Conversely, a well-nourished and food secure population is a valuable asset for a country’s development.
Q23-What does a good forest meant to Indian villagers? How forest acts affected the lives of the villagers? (5)

Ans:-Indian villagers considered forests with different species of trees valuable. Different varieties of trees were able to fulfill theirneeds like – fodder, fuel, medicine etc.
The Forest Act brought severe hardship for villagers across the country. The act declared all their everyday practices – cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing, as illegal. People were now forced to steal wood from the forests and if caught, they were at the mercy of the forest guards who would take bribes from them. Women who collected fuel woods were especially worried. It was also common for police constables and forest guards to harass people by demanding free food from them.

Q24-Railways brought about deforestation during the British rule. Explain.(5 Marks)

Ans:- Essential for the colonial trade and for the movement of imperial troops. Railways were Wood was also required to run locomotive and for laying the railway tracks. As the Railway tracks spread, a larger number of trees were felled to meet up the growing demand of timber. The Government gave out contracts to individuals to supply the required quantity of timber. These contractors started random cutting of trees and this led to immediate disappearance of forests around the railway tracks. OR

Q23-State the difference between ‘Reserved’ and ‘Protected’ forests. (5)

Ans:-The terms ‘Reseved’ and ‘Protected’ forests were coined by the British Government during the colonial India. ‘Reserved’ forests were those where access to pastoralists was totally denied. Actually, these forests produced commercially valuable timber like deodar or sal, which raised revenue for the colonial state. All other forests were classified as ‘Protected’ where pastoralists were granted customary grazing rights. However, here too their movements were severely restricted.

Since grazing herds would trample over saplings and munch away the shoots, the colonial officials believed that grazing would destroy saplings and young shoots germinated on the forest floor. This would, in turn, prevent new trees from growing. Hence, they allowed pastoralists limited time and period for grazing their cattle.

Q24-Describe how the pastoralists coped up with the changes imposed by the colonial government. (5)

Ans:-Indian pastoralists reacted to imposition by the colonial government in different ways. Some reduced the number of cattle in their herds, as there were not enough pastures to feed large numbers. Others discovered

new pastures when movement to old grazing grounds became difficult, for example, due to political boundaries between the newly formed India and Pakistan, the Raikas could no longer move into Sindh and graze their camels on the banks of the Indus. They have since been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on agricultural ields after the harvests are cut.

Further, richer pastoralists bought land and settled down, giving up their nomadic life. Others took to cultivation or trading. Poor pastoralists, on the other hand, borrowed money from moneylenders to survive, but eventually losing all their cattle and becoming labourers, working on fields or in small towns. OR

Q23-What kind of new technology was used in the USA to improve farming? (5)

Ans:-In the USA, a dramatic increase in the food-grain production was made possible by improved technology. During 19th century, white settlers modified their simple agricultural implements according to the new land in the interiors. One such implement was 12-feet long plough, which became necessary to break the sod and turn the soil over in prairies. But by early 20th century, farmers in the Great Plains started breaking the ground with tractors and disk ploughs, clearing vast stretches for wheat cultivation with greater ease. Even the harvesting procedures changed.

Manual harvesting required hundreds of men and women using cradles and sickles. Earlier, hundreds of men and women could be seen in fields harvesting a crop using cradles and sickles. In mid-18th century, mechanical reaper was used, which could cut in one day as much as five men could cut with cradles and 16 men with sickles. But in early 20th century, most farmers started using combined harvesters to cut grains. With one such machine, 500 acres of wheat could be harvested in two weeks. Thus, agriculture transformed from a labour-intensive to technology-intensive and profit-churning business.

Q24-How the coming of modern agriculture in England meant many different changes? Explain. (5)

Ans:-With the coming of modern agriculture in England, many changes took place. The open fields disappeared and the once open countryside saw a dramatic change in its landscape with all the enclosures. The customary rights of ordinary peasants over the common lands progressively diminished. The richer farmers expanded grain production, sold grain in the world market, made profits and became powerful. On the contrary, poor left their villages for working either as agricultural labourers in the Midlands or as workers in towns and cities. Over time, modern equipment like the threshing machines replaced manual labour, which led to the income of labourers becoming unstable, their jobs becoming insecure and their livelihood becoming precarious.

Q25-What does the term ‘amateur’ and ‘professional’ mean in the game of Cricket? (5)

Ans:-The English society was divided into two distinct cricket segments - the rich who could afford to play it for pleasure and the poor who played it for a living. These two categories of cricket-playing people were respectively called amateurs and professionals.

The rich were termed amateurs for two reasons. They considered the sport of cricket a kind of leisure, and played it for the pleasure of playing and not for money. Also, there was not enough money in the game for the rich to be interested. On the contrary, the limited money associated with this game was attractive for the poor of the professionals. The wages of professionals were paid by patronage or subscription or gate money. The game was seasonal and did not offer employment the year round. Most professionals worked as miners or in other forms of working class employment in winter, the off-season.

Q25-What was the Swadeshi Movement in relation to clothing? (5)

Ans:-Swadeshi Movement occurred in retaliation to Lord Curzon’s decision of partitioning Bengal in 1905. It was an effort to control the growing opposition to British rule. In this movement, people were urged to boycott British goods of all kinds and start their own industries for the manufacture of textile and goods such as matchboxes. The use of khadi was made a patriotic duty. Women were urged to throw away their silk clothes and glass bangles, and wear khadi. Rough homespun Khadi was glorified in songs and poems. However, this switch over to khadi appealed largely to the upper castes and classes rather than the poor who could not afford the new products. The Swadeshi Movement then got a setback when many among the upper classes returned to wearing European dresses. However, the swadeshi movement was significant as cloth was used as a symbolic weapon against the British rule.

Q26-Give a brief account of economic advantages and disadvantages of large population. (5)

Ans:-Advantages of large population: -

A large population makes positive contribution to economic growth because of availability of larger manpowerfor productive activities in the fields of secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors.

Disadvantages of large population:
i) Per capita income goes down as the national income is distributed among larger number of people.

ii) Consumption trend gets upward, reducing the size of savings.

iii) Increasing population results in increased pressure on land and it adversely affects productivity in agriculture.

iv) Poverty and unemployment conditions increase day by day.

Q27:-Discuss the powers of the Prime Minister of India. (5)

Ans:-As a head of the government, the Prime Minister enjoys following powers:
1. The Prime Minister is the Chairperson of the Cabinet. He /She decides the agenda of the cabinet meetings.
2. He/she guides and directs all ministers, decides national policies and leads other ministers in and outside the Parliament.
3. The Prime Minister acts as a link between the president and the cabinet. He/she keeps the president informed about the cabinet decisions and advises the president to issue ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
4. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party of the Lok Sabha. He/she is the chief spoke person of the government in the Lok Sabha.
5. If the Prime Minister resigns, the entire cabinet gets dissolved.

Q28-What are rights? Why do we need rights in a democracy? (5)

Ans:-Rights are reasonable claims of a person over other fellow beings, over the society and over the government. When the socially recognised claims are written into law, they acquire real legal force. Otherwise, they remain merely as natural or moral rights. Rights are not unlimited, instead, each right brings certain obligations attached to it.

Rights are necessary for the sustainment of democracy. In a democratic country, the role of citizens is very important, right from electing the representatives of the government to taking part in the decision making of the government. Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority. In most democracies, the basic rights of the citizens are written down in the constitution.

Q29-Describe the steps taken by the government for poverty alleviation. (5)

Ans:-Poverty has definitely declined in India in last few years. Removal of poverty has been one of the major objectives of the government. The government has taken measures to eradicate poverty keeping in view two objectives:
a. Promoting economic growth b. Anti-poverty programmes
Following are the anti-poverty programmes –

- Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)

It was started in 1993 and aimed to create self- employment opportunities for educated employed youth.

- Pradhan Mantri Gramodya Yojana (PMGY)

It was started in 2000 and aimed to create basic necessities like health, education, shelter and water.

- National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)

It was started in 2004 and aimed at the rural people looking for unskilled manual work and wage employment.

- National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)

It was started in 2004 and aimed at providing 100 days assured employment to every rural household, covering nearly 200 districts.

Q30-What is buffer stock and why is it created? (5)

Ans:-Buffer stock can be defined as the stock of food grains procured by the government through Food Corporation of India with the aim to meet any shortage of demand in future.Buffer stock (mainly wheat and rice) is created by the government for following purposes:
1. For distributing it to the deficit areas 2. To distribute it among poor people at lower prices
3. To meet the problem of food insecurity at the times of natural calamities

Q31-On the outline map of India mark the following: _ (4Marks)

(i)Name the National park (ii)Name the state receiving more than 400 cm.of rainfall.